A
straw man fallacy (sometimes written as
strawman) is the
informal fallacy of refuting an argument different from the one actually under discussion, while not recognizing or acknowledging the distinction.
[1] One who engages in this fallacy is said to be "attacking a straw man".
The typical straw man argument creates the illusion of having refuted or defeated an opponent's proposition through the covert replacement of it with a different proposition (i.e., "stand up a straw man") and the subsequent refutation of that false argument ("knock down a straw man"), instead of the opponent's proposition.
[2][3] Straw man arguments have been used throughout history in
polemical debate, particularly regarding highly charged emotional subjects.
[4]